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To-Shin Do is a martial art founded by Black Belt Hall of Fame instructor Stephen K. Hayes in 1997.〔St. Petersburg Times (Florida) September 19, 1997. p 4. Snow Smith, Katherine. "Nothing like the movies." "It wasn't Bruce Lee or Chuck Norris who first inspired Stephen Hayes to devote his life to the martial arts and ultimately become a Black Belt Hall of Fame member and widely recognized teacher of the Japanese art of ninjutsu."〕〔Staff. USA Dojo. "(STEPHEN K. HAYES )." "In 1997, exactly 30 years after beginning his formal training in the martial arts, Stephen K. Hayes founded the martial art of To-Shin Do." 2012.〕 It is a modernized version of ninjutsu, and differs from the traditional form taught by Masaaki Hatsumi’s Bujinkan organization.〔Crudelli, Chris. "The Way of the Warrior: Martial Arts and Fighting Styles from Around the World." DK ADULT. 2008. p.329 ISBN 978-0-7566-6862-4 "To shin do was founded by the legendary US ninja Stephen K. Hayes. The system is a departure from ninjustu (see pp. 208–9) as taught by the Bujinkan Organization in Japan. . ."〕 Instruction focuses on threats found in contemporary western society.〔reference to Stephen Hayes, not To-Shin Do: Toller, Dennis. "Once the West's Most Celebrated Ninja, Stephen K. Hayes Moves Beyond the Assassin Image." Black Belt Magazine. October 1998. P. 32.〕 In addition to hand-to-hand combat skills, students are exposed to: methods for survival in hostile environments, security protection for dignitaries, how to instruct classes and run a school, classical Japanese weapons, meditation mind science, and health restoration yoga.〔Crudelli. p. 329 "Advanced students are offered optional courses on the use of classical Japanese weapons, meditation and yoga, as well as courses aimed at the security and protection industries."〕 The headquarters school (hombu) is located in Dayton, Ohio, USA. ==History== In 1975, Hayes traveled to Japan to seek out authentic Ninja masters.〔primary source: Hayes, Stephen K. The Ninja and Their Secret Fighting Art. Tuttle Publishing. 1984. ISBN 0-8048-1656-5〕 He met Masaaki Hatsumi, is the 34th grandmaster of the ''Togakure-ryū'' (戸隠流?) ("School of the Hidden Door") lineage and became the first American to be accepted into the Ninja tradition. 〔The Dayton Daily News. "DREAM BIG, AMERICAN NINJA SAYS (Bellbrook resident, author of 18 books, encourages students)" p. 24. Treadway, Marcia J. "By realizing his dream, Hayes may have been the first Togakure ninja guinea pig as well as the first American ninja."〕 Hayes returned to the U.S. in 1981, with a black belt in the Bujinkan organization under his teacher, Masaaki Hatsumi, who is the 34th Grandmaster of Togakure Ryu Ninpo Taijutsu.〔Sporting News "The Bible of Baseball": McCoy, Bob "The American Ninja." June 5, 1989, P. 8 "Hayes, a 40-year-old Ohioan and a graduate of Miami University, is the only Westerner ever granted all nine levels of teaching credentials in ninjutsu, a 900-year-old martial art practiced by the Ninjas."〕 He founded the Shadows of Iga Society to serve as an organization for ninjutsu enthusiasts. During the 1980s Hayes gave seminars around the country, maintained a training group in Ohio, and often visited Japan for training with Hatsumi. Retiring the Shadows of Iga Society, Hayes founded the ''Kasumi-An'' system of warrior training in 1989 on the first day of the Japanese Heisei (平成) Imperial era. ''Kasumi'' translates to English as "haze," which is supposed to evoke images of the misty Iga mountain home of the Ninja, as well as being an Heterograph of the founder's name. ''An'' means hermitage or mountain retreat.〔primary source: Hayes. p. 4.〕 The name reflects more permanency in Hayes' U.S. teachings, which were until this point limited to seminars and a small training group in the Dayton area. In 1997, the first Quest Center was opened in Dayton, OH. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「To-Shin Do」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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